Public Health in Practice Essay - 1708 Words

Section 1: Public Health and Public Health Practices/Investigations Public health is the discipline and skill for preventing diseases and injuries, extending the lifespan and endorsing wellbeing through structured public work, the control of communicable diseases, the union of medical and nursing facilities for the prompt identification and disease prevention, teaching individual health and to make sure a standard of living suitable for the conservation of health (Breslow et al, 2002).. Public health focuses the health of the people completely than the treatment of individuals (Beaglehole et al, 2004). The public health principles are meant for the public and other institutions that have a public health mission. Individuals and†¦show more content†¦Preventing diseases needs various methods at each level. Some consist of education, awareness campaigns, legislation and modifying the surroundings. Disease/injuries need to be addressed at more than one level, and time and again all three. It is essential to recognize which prevention strategies are shown effective in order to have the utmost effect on your chosen program (Christoffel Gallagher, 2005). Public health should predominantly address the vital causes of disease and necessities for health which in turn aims to avoid adverse health consequences. For instance, the handling of treatable infections is essential to the deterrence of transmission of infection. Public health must reach community health which compliments the rights of those in the public. This Principle recognizes the mutual need in public health to ponder the concerns of the individual and the public. An ethical principle does not exist to deliver an explanation or answer to this constant pressure in public health. Public health guidelines, programs, and priorities ought to be established and assessed over to guarantee an opening for feedback from the public. The capability for the community to offer this contribution and intellect is dire in the progress and preservation of communal trust in the society. Public health must sponsor and work for the authorizations of subjugated fellows, pointing to make sure that the wealthShow MoreRelatedPublic Health Practices And Health976 Words   |  4 PagesPublic health practices are dependent upon the presence of a workforce that are well prepared and well matched to the specific community being served. The infrastructure of public health in which all services and programs are built, has three components: accurate, timely data and information; effective systems and relationships; and a competent workforce. Various bits of knowledge and interpret the data to develop meaningful descriptions of health and illness, and identify strategies for diseaseRead MorePublic Health Care Practice : A Private Healthcare Practice860 Words   |  4 Pageshealthcare practice is to generate profits from services rendered. Private health care practice’s sole purpose just like a business is to generate revenue while maintaining financial viability. Financial viability is determined after reviewing all pertinent financial documents. Financial viability and status is determined by reviewing the organization’s Balance Sheets, Statements of Operations, Statement of Changes in Net Assets, and Statements of Cash Flows. A private healthcare practice financialRead MorePrinciples Of The Ethical Practice Of Public Health Services830 Words   |  4 Pagesconstant standards of practice. Not only do these Ethical Codes of Conduct establish an important role in regards to maintaining medical professionalism, these standards of practice also establish the boundaries and guidelines to how each patient receives individual care or treatment. There are many documents created for specific types of medical professions, yet their overall concepts and ideas remain the same. For example, â€Å"Principles of the Ethical Practice of Public Health† states a generalizedRead MoreKeeping People Well with Effective Public Health Practice1797 Words   |  7 Pagescommunities is dependent on effective public health practice. In this assignment I will consider the statement ‘The well-being of communities is dependent on effective public health practice.’ I will do this by looking at wellbeing, defining public health practice and by looking at evidence based practice, epidemiology, policies and goals generated and their effective application. I will also suggest why public health practice is not always as effective in practice as it is in policy. Achievement ofRead MoreTechnology And Education For Public Health Practice, Research, And Learning1860 Words   |  8 Pagesof one’s finger tips. Technology has educated our children in more ways than one; by making our children more stimulated in learning, increase one’s self esteem, and open one’s mind to endless possibility. â€Å"Public healthcare professionals use computer technology to support public health practice, research, and learning† (Burke. Weill. 2009. P.23) we all must take note and embrace what’s yet to come. Years ago, I would have never thought that the black board would be a thing of the past or even takingRead MoreMy Experiences After Attending The Practice Of Public Health Leadership998 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Assignment This paper discusses my experiences after attending the Practice of Public Health Leadership (PPHL) subject in 2015, reflecting on important lessons learnt, the relevance to my work and the support required for my improvement. When I enrolled in this PPHL, I was not sure that I will get the best out of the subject due to previous experiences of attending theoretical leadership trainings. However, at the end of the subject, I was challenged, groomed, humbled and inspired asRead MoreThe Nursing Career1082 Words   |  4 Pagesecological viewpoint. A public health nurse can practice in clinics, health departments, faith-based organizations, mobile vans, homes, correctional facilities, occupations, community centers and hospitals. There is no setting that a public health nurse cannot practice to deliver a community-focused intervention. Delivering a successful intervention can be challenging but with learning competencies and skills, the PHN can achieve results. At all times the focus must be on the health needs of an entireRead MoreNational Health And Public Health1658 Words   |  7 PagesSlide 1: Hello, and welcome to the â€Å"Public Health Detailing† webinar, sponsored by the Center for Public Health Continuing Education at the University at Albany, School of Public Health in conjunction with the New York State Department of Health. Slide 2: By the end of this production you will be able to: describe the concept of detailing as applied to public health practice, explain the rationale and goals of the health care provider office visit approach and cite evidence of its effectivenessRead MoreRole Of A Public Health Nurse963 Words   |  4 PagesContributions Role of Public Health Nurses The role of a public health nurse encompasses a vast amount of responsibilities. As a basis for practice, public health nurses must adhere to the code of ethics. The code of ethics, developed by Sir William David Ross in the 1940s, is a set of four principles. These principles include autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice (Ivanov, 2013). By incorporating these four main principles into practice, public health nurses can better protect andRead MoreThe Australian Health Care System1347 Words   |  6 PagesTHE AUSTRALIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM The Australian health care system is a highly functioning and accessible system in the whole world. Our Health System is shaped around many factors including; age, race, health, socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds, health history and location. There are many facets of the Australian Health care System. It doesn’t just include the local doctor; there are many other services that are a part of a larger network. There are many governing bodies that enable the policy

Policies For Breaking The Cycle Of Poverty - 1114 Words

In this unit we looked at different policies for breaking the cycle of poverty and lifting people out of it. This cycle is isn’t impossible to break but it can seem like it to the people inside. Growing up in poverty raises the chance for a child to stay under the poverty line when they group. While there are obviously policies to help break the cycle, this is obviously still a big enough problem to millions of Americans. The inability to break this cycle creates a large barrier to people in poverty to escape. Nobody really wants poverty to continue, but at some level there needs to be separate economic classes in our society. The problem with the system now is that people don’t really have equal opportunity to move between these classes. The rich tend to stay rich and the poor tend to stay poor. This combined with the increasing gap between the poor and rich is making escaping the cycle of poverty even harder. This lack of mobility is what creates the inequality of opp ortunity. So if no one wants poverty to exist, why is there not a stronger push to end it or improve the conditions? The readings made clear that the problem isn t in the effort, the problem is in THE approach taken. Currently, our collective belief about welfare is that it is only to be given to those who â€Å"deserve† it. This is the approach taken by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. This created stipulations requiring recipients to be employed in order toShow MoreRelatedAn Imbalance Between Rich And Poor Is The Oldest And Most Fatal Ailment Of All Republics1524 Words   |  7 Pageschildren growing up in poverty. Children that live in poverty are more likely to be absent from school and have a higher dropout rate than those who come from families with higher incomes. Children that live beneath the poverty line are more likely to have learning disabilities, developmental delays, and behavioral problems. These are just a few dis advantages of the hundreds that children living in poverty deal with on a day to day basis. There are ways to help these children in poverty, that is the extensionRead MoreThe Culture Of Poverty : Inaccessibility Of Healthcare993 Words   |  4 PagesThe Culture of Poverty: Inaccessibility of Healthcare in Underprivileged Populations Introduction The lack of access to basic healthcare services in poor populations is controversial because healthcare is now being viewed as a basic right. The culture of poverty theory is cyclical because the absence of resources inhibits individuals from breaking free from this phase. This culture is seen in both urban and rural populations because of the continuous cycle of poverty. The inefficiency of the publicRead MoreRacism And Poverty : South Africa1640 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica has faced significant issues with racism and poverty. From the times of colonialism, to the era of apartheid, South Africans have been segregated in discriminatory contexts that have left a large proportion of the population living in desperate conditions. This segregation by race and socioeconomic status still exists today and is extremely prevalent in modern South African society. Townships that are prone to violence and extreme poverty surround every major city in this country. Within theseRead MoreWelfare P olicy845 Words   |  4 Pagesin Chicago, Illinois are living in deep poverty (Emmanuel, 2015). Despite its high poverty rates, welfare in Chicago has always been small by any measure. At its peak in the 1990s, only 5 million families received assistance, averaging less than $400 a family (Piven, 2002). Frances Fox Piven believes that â€Å"changes in welfare were related to shifts that were occurring in a range of American social policies† (Piven, 2002). In July 1996, current welfare policies were replaced with Temporary AssistanceRead MorePoverty Is A Social Problem957 Words   |  4 PagesStates is the wealthiest nation in the world, but yet poverty remains prevalent. Childhood poverty affects every aspect of their life. â€Å"Poverty is not having income for basic needs, food, medical care or basic needs and housing† (Crosson-Tower, 2014, p. 59). Poverty is affecting thousands of Americans every day, and it isn t sparing anyone of a particular race, age or gende r, leaving people on welfare, and without homes, or transportation. Poverty is a crisis that deserves attention from everyone,Read MoreNotes On The And Vicious Circle1206 Words   |  5 Pagesresults, a vicious circle has negative results.) For a virtuous circle, Great Britain was an important example. The rule of law became possible after the Glorious Revolution. It was a cycle that Rule of law support pluralistic political institution, in return pluralistic political institutions support pluralism. It is this cycle that supported the economic institutions during the early eighteen centuries where the rule of law made the investment possible. When investors find a place that they can securelyRead MoreThis week’s readings investigate the rise of Islamic opposition and civic society groups in Egypt,1000 Words   |  4 Pagesby Israel (Wickham, 32). The graduate-appointment policy initiated by Nasser, which guaranteed a job in the public service for each university graduate, and was maintained under the successive regimes, failed to fulfill its commitments, due to the influx of graduates seeking employment beyond the state’s capacity (Wickham, 42). Mubarak’s regime first continued this policy (Wickham, 42), but later decided to reduce the benefits of this policy, and as a result became unable to co-opt the educatedRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Inequality1576 Words   |  7 Pagesand political representation of women in the region (Bentley, 2004). Within South Africa there is a significant gap in the lack of opportunity and representation of women within the economic and political sphere, which directly correlates to their poverty. Often times the universal equality and importance of all members of society is not often respected, this is evident in the histories and devastations of apartheid in South Africa, but also in the unequal division of men and women in the region. IfRead MoreSociology : The Social Problem Of Poverty1251 Words   |  6 Pagessociological imagination to examine the social problem of poverty by looking at the social forces that are relevant to the problem. Poverty is a social problem rather than an individual problem because it is a deeply embedded social issue that permeates every aspect of culture and society. It involves sustained low levels of income for people in a community, and includes a lack of important resources like education and health care. Poverty is a large cause of social tension and div ide in America becauseRead MorePoverty, Equity, Human Rights, And Health1390 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished cycle of poverty, equity, human rights, and health with an overview of the links between them; the history of past global efforts; and five recommendations to the health sector to focus its resources to gain maximum impact. Their paper stands on the shoulders of well-established research and theory. It is well established that there is a link between poverty and poor health, including decreased morbidity and mortality (Irwin Scali, 2007; Wagstaff, 2002). Likewise, that the cycle of the determinants

James Schoolcraft Sherman Essay Example For Students

James Schoolcraft Sherman Essay The nations twenty-seventh vice president during William Howard Tafts presidency was James Schoolcraft Sherman. Being a member of the House of Representatives for almost two decades, he stood firmly for the Republican Party as an influential role during the Progressive Era. He was nicknamed Sunny Jim for his genial demeanor and civility, and was the first Republican vice president to be renominated. However, he didnt live long enough to see the election day. James was born in Utica, New York on October 24, 1855. His parents were Richard Updike Sherman and Mary Frances Schoolcraft Sherman. They educated James in the Utica public schools, and his advanced education took him towards Hamilton College in Utica. Sherman was not a brilliant student but he was greatly distinguished as a debater by his professors and his peers. He gained admission to the bar in 1880, then entered the Utica law firm of Cookinham, Gibson and Sherman. He remained here as a business adviser until 1907. He was moving on to politics. His father sparked James interest in politics, and chose to be a Republican against his fathers advice. Shermans first political victory was his election as mayor of Utica in 1884 at the age of 29, making him the youngest mayor in the citys history. He declined renomination, as he was preparing to move into national politics. Even without any outstanding achievements as mayor, he managed to work his way into position for the Republican nomination for Congress in 1886. He defeated his opponent Thomas J Spriggs, who held the office for two terms. This congressional victory started him on a long successful career in national politics. With only one election defeat in 1890, Sherman served in the House until selected as Tafts running mate in the 1908 election. Meanwhile, Shermans personal life was steadily progressing. He married Carrie Babcock from East Orange, New Jersey on January 26, 1881. Carrie and James attended school together in Utica and had known each other since childhood. Dur ing her husbands vice presidency, she founded the Congressional Club for senators and representatives wives. When in Utica, they attended the Dutch Reformed Church, where he was the president of trustees and church treasurer. When his father died in 1895, he took control of the New Hartford Canning Company, which was one of the most important financial institutions in Central New York. Sherman was not known as a legislative leader, and few bills bear his signature. Instead, his main contribution was as a parliamentarian. Here he developed a reputation for his detailed knowledge of parliamentary procedure. He was chairman of the Committee of the Whole during important debates, and few men have been known whose parliamentary knowledge was more highly respected. Sherman was a member of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, and was also appointed Committee on Indian Affairs chairman, a post that he held for 12 years. Other committees on which he served were the judiciary, ci vil service, and census. A successful career in Congress led Sherman to aspire to further political ambitions. In 1899, he was nominated and confirmed for the post general appraiser for New York. He soon declined because his constituents wished him to stay in Congress. Shortly after this he entered the race for Speaker of the House but the position went to David Henderson of Iowa instead. Sherman debated whether or not to run for Senate, but soon decided against it. Instead he further enhanced his reputation by chairing the New York Republican convention in 1895, 1900 and 1908. He was a Republican national convention delegate in 1892, and in 1906 chaired the Republican Partys National Congressional Committee. Shermans congressional career came to an end in 1908 when he was selected as Tafts running mate. Several other men were selected as other possibilities, but none seemed to be interested, so Sherman was choosen. His main qualifications were his parliamentary skills. Also, he was well liked in the Senate, and had been an effective Congressional Campaign Committee chairman. Sherman was a competent vice president during a period that saw growing divisions within Republican Party ranks. Despite declining health and reports that he might retire from politics, Sherman was renominated in 1912, becoming the seventh vice president in U.S. history to achieve this, and was the first Republican vice president to do so since the partys beginning in 1856. Sherman remained a conservative throughout his life, even though he was Tafts running mate on a relatively progressive platform. Shermans continued through his vice presidency term and was renominated for another. He accepted the nomination however; he died a few days before the election was held.

Psychological Management of OIndividual Performance

Question: Discuss about the Psychological Management of OIndividual Performance. Answer: Introduction The Human resource management is a management that is responsible for the individual and how the employees are treated and managed in a particular organization. In this report, the name of the organization is Australian training company of Australia. Human resource management helps the organization in bringing up the people of the organization upwards by providing them a good quality of training. The role of human resource department in every organization is very crucial as it is responsible in attainment of the goals and objective of the organization. The Human resource management plays a vital role in management and maintenance of human resource of the organization by aligning duties and responsibilities. They set mission and vision of the employees in accordance with the organizations vision and mission. thy provides various types of training programs to have performance management, succession planning , etc. the Human resource department is responsible in development of strategic planning and then implementation of them in the organization in the most effective way so that desired output can be achieved. An overview of the organization, Australian training company The company ATC was established in the year 1994, with the motive to provide training and employment opportunities for the people of Australia. Firstly, they initiated with the training of the sports people and then expanded by offering training to various field individuals. They had provided training to more than 10000, aspirants and people. Australian training company is a leading company for the solution of business by creation of employment, training and education opportunities for the people of Australia (Australian training company, 2016). Australian training company engages more than 1200 student and trainees every year. They generally operate in the territories of Australia and eastern states and have the capacity to serve the entire nation. It is a (GTO) Group Training Organization and also a registered training organization (RTO). It is a non-profit organization whose main focus is on the promotion of the workforce and their participation in the organization. They identify the talent and potential of each and every individual of the organization and match their aspirations according to the company (Australian training company, 2016). Role and impact of Human resource department as a part of HR management As we know that the Hr manager of an organization plays a vital role in the organization. If we talk about Australian training company, the Hr managers are very intelligent and skilled as they have to manage the entire staff of the company. The Hr manager creates a huge impact on the organization. The major role of Human resource department of Australian training company are staffing in which the hr manager do planning for the staff and the employee (Scullion, Collings, 2011). Human resource department also develop many types of policies so that the employees can remain motivated and encourage them to perform well. They have multicultural workforce that requires a proper management so that no conflicts can arise. The process of recruitment and selection is also done by the HR manger of the Australian training company. The development of strategies and policies related to the work is also ensured by the HR department of the organization like dress code, ethics, disciplines, vacations of the employees, etc. the compensation policies like salary and wages are designed by the HR department. The major role of the HR department is to provide training and development to the employees like job skills trainings, team-building, legal training, communication, etc. (Ngai, Law, Wat, 2008). The impact of HR department on Australian training company is very positive. The performance of the employees has become better with the type of training provided by the HR department. It is found that the employees of AST remains motivated if they get proper training. The confidence of the employees will boost and they remain satisfied (Kaufman, 2007). Strategy, vision and mission of Australian training company The vision and mission of Australian training company is to promote the organization by focusing on the needs and wants of the employees, they believe that the human resource is the great asset of ach and very organization. So they try to focus of the participation and performance of their staff members. They provide them training s and development programs in which the employees learn many relevant things. They believe in employee engagement and to achieve the above mentioned they try to fulfill the needs of each employee working with them. They identify the aspiration of the individual and according to it they provide them opportunity (Sonnentag, 2003). They deliver education, training, development, growth, employment opportunities, etc. through various sources either internally or externally. The significance of all the above things is to uplift the skills and talent of the employees with the organization. They are very attentive for their clients and focus on each and every query generated by them. They ensure their client about the solution of the problems. The communication skills of the Australian training company employees are very effective. They know to deal with the clients in the most prominent way (Heneman, Tansky, Camp, 2000). Importance In this way, they design policies and strategies that can fulfill all the above requirements. They keep in mind that employees and clients are the valuable part of the organization and then frame all the strategies. Strategies play a very important role as they guide the human resource department the ways all the objectives can be achieved. The main motive is to attain the goals and objectives of the organization as well as employees. Human resource department support the strategies by providing ideas so that the employees and the organization both get benefits (Guerci, et.al. 2015). Types of training and their alignment with the strategies Australian training company has different approach for the training given to the employees. They offer RTO quality of services for the employees and the business organizations by using the development programs of workforce. They also tailored education training that has multitude of benefits for the growth and improvement of the clients. It helps to builds the morale, confidence, motivation and retention of the staff members. It also leads to higher amount f productivity. The strategies are also formed in a way to fulfill all the requirements of training. They match the training need of the staff with the relevant training methods that are required to be done. It will help in maximization of the potential and caliber of the employees (Buchan, 2004). The employees can have Funded trainings The Australian government may apply incentives The members will also receive the certification of nationally recognized qualification In this way, the employees will termed as skilled and qualified employees who can contribute in the increment of the productivity. They also provide flexible training and conceptualized programs of learning for the clients and employees to manage the requirement of business. It includes: Some especially designed programs that are delivered at sites Some of the programs are delivered on online sites using online learning management Face to face classes They also mix different modes of teaching to fulfill the needs The broader impact of the HRD practices The Human resource department has both narrow and broader impact on the workforce of the company. Some of the broader impact are- Succession planning It is process that helps Australian training company to identify and develop new types of leaders and managers who can have the caliber to replace the old leaders of the organization. This process helps in the continuity of the leadership when the old leaders die, retires or leaves the organization. It also provides prevention against the vacuum of power and chaotic struggle regarding the powers of a company. This process is used by Australian training company so that the company can enjoy proper management of the human resource (Wojdacz, Dobrovic, 2007). Coaching At the workplace, coaching is termed as a process in which the performance of an individual is improved by providing relevant training to him. It is way by which the skills and knowledge can be developed in an individual so that the performance can be boosted. In Australian training company most of the training exercises are initiated through the process of coaching as it provides practical a well as theoretical knowledge to the employees and clients (Bowen, Ostroff, 2004). Performance management The fundamentals of performance management state that it is a process of improving and promotion the effectiveness of the employees and their performance in the company. This process is a continuous proves in which the Hr managers tries to bring togetherness in the work of the employees. Their aim is to set up coordination and cooperation in the employees and convert them is teamwork. They monitor and control the work performed by the employees and bring effective changes. The aim of performance management is to achieve the goals of the organization as well as of each individual who is a part of the company (Barratt, 2003). Conclusion At last, we can conclude that the role of human resource and the management of human resource are very relevant. The human resource and employees is the supreme asset of each and every organization. In this assignment we learnt about the Australian training company that provides the best quality of training to its employees. They treat their employees are the valuable assets by giving them satisfactory training. It is one of the main training providers in country like Australia. Training and development helps the employees to handle the work and their performance and the organization. The organizations and their management are changing according to the changes taking place in the global economy. So it has become very relevant for the companies to manage the operations according to the latest trend. References Australian training company, (2016). Training services, [Online], Accessed on: 7 December 201 Available at: https://austrg.com.au/training-services/ Australian training company, (2016). About us, [Online], Accessed on: 7 December 201 Available at: https://austrg.com.au/about/ Barratt, E. (2003). Foucault, HRM and the ethos of the critical management scholar. Journal of Management Studies, 40(5), 1069-1087. Barrett, R., Mayson, S. (2007). Human resource management in growing small firms. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(2), 307-320. Bowen, D. E., Ostroff, C. (2004). Understanding HRMfirm performance linkages: The role of the strength of the HRM system. Academy of management review, 29(2), 203-221. Buchan, J. (2004). What difference does (" good") HRM make?. Human resources for health, 2(1), 1. Guerci, M., Radaelli, G., Siletti, E., Cirella, S., Shani, R., (2015). The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices and Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Ethical Climates: An Employee Perspective, [Online], Accessed on: 7 December 201 Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-013-1946-1 Heneman, R. L., Tansky, J. W., Camp, S. M. (2000). Human resource management practices in small and medium-sized enterprises: Unanswered questions and future research perspectives. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 25(1), 11-11. Kaufman, B. E. (2007). The development of HRM in historical and international perspective. Oxford Handbook of Human Resource Management, The, 19. Latham, G. P. (2007). A Speculative Perspective on the Transfer of Behavioral Science Findings to the Workplace: The Times They are A-Changin'. Academy of Management Journal, 50(5), 1027-1032. Ngai, E. W., Law, C. C., Wat, F. K. (2008). Examining the critical success factors in the adoption of enterprise resource planning. Computers in Industry, 59(6), 548-564. Scullion, H., Collings, D. (2011). Global talent management. Routledge. Sonnentag, S. (Ed.). (2003). Psychological management of individual performance. John Wiley Sons. Wojdacz, T. K., Dobrovic, A. (2007). Methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM): a new approach for sensitive and high-throughput assessment of methylation. Nucleic acids research, 35(6), e41.

American Beautys Comments on Society essays

American Beauty's Comments on Society essays What Comments is American Beauty Making About Modern Society? American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes, is simply a study of a dysfunctional American Family which reveals the nature of modern suburbia with wit, precision, and invention. Allan Balls script continually explores ideas about what constitutes ordinariness in our lives and what beauty truly is, and why people who have everything, live lives of desperation. Far more importantly, though, is what the film has to say about the American Dream or rather the American Nightmare. American modern society (not too different from New Zealands own society), is constructed around the notion that happiness is found through material success: a lucrative job, a nice house in a quiet neighbourhood, fancy cars etc. American Beauty doesnt expose this lie it shows how hideous this lie could be. Screenwriter Alan Ball, says On of the movies themes is how we have preconceived notions of things, but the truth often turns out to be something we never even considered where you find beauty might be in the place you least expect it. Kevin Spacey (Lester) and Annette Benning (Carolyn) play a couple who, on the surface, seem to have it all. A Perky real estate agent, Benning drives around in a Mercedes, and clips their rose garden using sequesters that match her shoes which Lester comments is no mistake. Lester pulls in sixty grand a year working in marketing, and the couple have a seemingly harmless, typically disaffected teen, Jane, played by Thora Birch. Lester, is a typical suburban husband whose life seems to have slipped into a rut. He tells us, In less than a year Ill be dead. Of course, I dont know that yet. In a way, Im dead already. He says ...

Company analysis Duoyuan Printing Inc.

Company analysis Duoyuan Printing Inc. Duoyuan Printing inc. is a corporation based in China with its headquarters in Beijing. It deals in production of offset printing equipments. At the moment it stands as the biggest company that is privately owned and deals with offset printing equipment production in China.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Company analysis: Duoyuan Printing Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also has two other establishment factories in Langfang and Hunan. The company combines the low cost of production in China with great technical innovation to sell its range of products cheaply compared to the same products produced in the western countries. The company has an established distribution network with coordinated efforts towards the market. To expand their brand name in the market, the company participates a lot in trade shows for industries and holding seminars. It also offers free training to customers who show interes t in their products. This has enabled the company to maintain its network of business for a long time. Duoyuan Printing inc. has a better advantage over its small competitors since it is the leading company in this field. It has a monopoly control of the market since it has the resources to advance research in the technology of offset printing equipment. With this in mind it can roll out a new product or a more improved product very fast. Coupling this with the fact that it controls the market, it is able to streamline the efforts made over the market. It has systems in place to control its sales and collection and its payments. The main focus of the company, Duoyuan Printing inc., is on its customers and staying ahead in the market. This has enabled the company to reach great success and profitability over the previous two fiscal years. Duoyuan Printing inc. has also maintained production of quality offset printing equipments making their customers satisfied and wanting to continue dealing with them. With each product comes a one year warranty where they also provide training support for operating the equipments. Besides this, the warranty covers repairs that are genuinely a result of the equipment malfunctioning.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Looking at the origin of the company, it traces back in 1994. This was when the company began small with just one product, a format offset press that is singled colored. It has now moved from that humble beginning to having a range of wonderful products. Their products include: Single Color Small Format Press, singled colored large format press, multicolored small format press, and lastly multicolored large format press. Besides this the company has future plans to begin making post press products. This involves making a paper machine that can actually corrugate a strong printing paper such as cardboard paper. It has also grown from having one production plant to two production plant in strategic locations of China. The other two production plants are located in Langfang and Hunan. In 2006, it merged with a Wyoming co and in 2009 it got listed in the New York Stock Exchange and managed to raise over 40 million dollars. An overview of the corporate itself shows that the company has been making good profit since 2004. Their growth in terms of revenue has been on the increase steadily for the last 5 years. In the fiscal year of 2004, its overall revenue stood at approximately 13 million dollars and by 2007 its revenue had shot to approximately 50 million dollars. The main reason for this overwhelming growth in revenue can be attributed to one of its range of products that has found use in the current market. This product is the multicolored large format press. This growth is still continuing at the moment since as stated earlier, the company has risen above its national c ompetitors in China which are owned by the government. The company moved their focus to selling products of higher margins. One of these products that the company produces is the multicolored large format press. Over recent past this product has shot up in terms of pricing. This increase is attributed to the labor cost of production since to produce the equipment; the company spends an increased amount to pay the workers. Producing the product requires laborers who are highly skilled implying that more money will be used to pay them. Even with this increase marginal cost, the company has still been able to stay above its competitors.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Company analysis: Duoyuan Printing Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is projected that the company will continue to rise and stay in business because of its strategic location. The company is right at the center of a market that is continu ing to grow. By last year, 2010, China became the biggest market globally in the field of commercial printing and publishing. The company relies on low operation, labor and raw material cost that is the advantageous with China. Besides this, the company has an efficient process of production while offering their products at low prices. This makes them competitive and attractive to the customer. Projecting the future of the company using these facts, then the company will soon be a multinational company with several subsidiaries in different parts of the world. Duoyuan Printing Inc. Duoyuan. 2009. Web. Financial 8. Latest Duoyuan Printing (DYP) Stock Research, Analysis and News. 2011. Web. Scribd. Duoyuan Printing, Inc. Profile. 2011. Scribd.com. Web. SEC. Investigating Duoyuan Printing over allegations of fraud. 2010. Web.

Participation Exercise #13 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Participation Exercise #13 - Assignment Example These provide an avenue for creating change for better project returns. Failure to consider these costs may result in growing variance in costs, which may indicate poor planning for the management. As one way of having surety on the actual costs incurred in the project, Carnegie found it easy to make decisions on projects knowing the actual gains he makes from them. Cost per pound figures aided Carnegie have a competitive advantage in that he could set his prices as low as he wanted just to win a bid without negatively affecting his business’s profitability. While the competitors guessed on what was best to charge on their products, Carnegie knew exactly the actual costs he incurred and the returns to expect (Spafford). Carnegie used this to make more sound decisions in his business hence the successful returns while the competitors found it difficult to compete and had their attempts at winning bids from him fail. Through these, Carnegie kept track of his variances and hence keeping his costs in

How effective are services in treating individuals who self harm Thesis Proposal

How effective are services in treating individuals who self harm - Thesis Proposal Example erstandable forms together with redundant risks, continuing in a foul relationship, developing problems similar to anorexia, alcoholic or drugs obsession or somebody merely not concerned with their psychological or bodily requirements. These responses might assist to manage with feelings that intimidate to devastate them with sore emotions for instance fury, depression, meaninglessness, woe, self-hatred, trepidation, isolation and culpability. These are possible to be unconfined throughout the body where they are easily noticeable and treated with. Self-harm could provide a quantity of functions at the similar time. It could be a mode of: In the society the act to self harm is taken as a â€Å"unswerving, communally objectionable deeds that causes bodily grievance where the individual is not trying suicide but is in a sensitively distressed state.† The act of â€Å"Self-harm† is mainly elicited by an aggressive argument with a close relative or friend. It is been noticed that people comprising excessive mistreatment and ignorance in their life are more prone to harm themselves. This extreme action generally happens following a upsetting incident and is a consequence of lacking abilities to tackle issues in a efficient manner. As per the psychological experts, at times the individual intentionally harming himself believes that their feelings or pain can be expressed in a better way, if they can be seen outside, which might provide a chance to win over the situation and it can prove that physical injuries are a mode to express their emotional pain. Though the substantial pain experienced by them serves as a mechanism that discharges the disturbing pain but it is a undeniable fact that the reprieve they sense is impermanent. These coping methods in quintessence are defective as the pain ultimately returns devoid of any enduring healing. â€Å"When the Body is the Target: Self-harm, Pain, and Traumatic Attachments† – In this book the author â€Å"Sharon Klayman

Botany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Botany - Essay Example Fortunately, the precious knowledge about herbal medicines has not been forgotten and currently a number of people are seeking herbal remedies as cures for their numerous ailments. There has been a lot of concern towards the use of herbal medicines. Many medical practitioners tend to argue that these forms of natural medicines could cause harm to the users since they are not medically tested and accepted as the right remedies or cures for certain ailments. Canada has regulated the use of natural remedies by drafting into its constitution the restrictions of administering herbal or natural medicines to the citizens (Green 7). For herbal remedy to be accepted in Canada, the following regulations must be followed. To begin with the remedy must be licensed, the site at which the remedy is being processed must also be licensed, good manufacturing practices must be followed in accordance to the law, the remedy must pass the clinical trials, and finally the side effects of the remedy must be reported (Green 12). As to my opinion, restriction to natural remedies should be there but not that extensive. Most people have deep faith in natural products than in other synthetic drugs. Putting in place extensive restriction on herbal medicines will deny herbalists and those who believe in the power of herbs a chance to express their freedom. Herbal medicines are gaining great popularity in today’s world as people are trying to reduce the levels of chemical intake. Finally I would like to pose this question to my fellow classmate to answer â€Å"are natural remedies more effective than synthetic drugs? Green, Barry. Natural Health Product (NHP) Regulation in Canada. 06 May 2008 http://www.ottawaskeptics.org/topics/alternative-medicine/123-natural-health-product-nhp-regulation-in-canada. 22 November

Housing Need Supply And Demand Economics Essay

Housing Need Supply And Demand Economics Essay West Somerset is one of the smallest local authorities within England with a population of 34,675 Office for National Statistics 2012. It is largely rural in nature with two thirds of the area being within Exmoor National Park. The coastal town of Minehead is the largest settlement with a population of 12,084 (Office for National Statistics 2012). 1.3 By far the largest age group within West Somerset are those aged 60 and over making 38% of the total population (Office for National Statistics 2011). This group is well provided for within housing with a large number of sheltered and supported housing schemes and nursing homes both within the private sector and social housing sector. 1.4 Young people aged 20 to 29 make up approximately 9.5% of the total population of West Somerset (Office for National Statistics 2012) however they are one of the largest age groups registered for Social Housing within West Somerset with 23.3% of active applicants (Homefinder Somerset 2012). 1.5 The economy of West Somerset relies heavily on tourism, agriculture and the care industry with the majority of work being found within one of these areas. The largest employer is Butlins in Minehead (West Somerset Council 2011). The majority of work within tourism and agriculture are seasonal resulting in fluctuating benefit claims and relatively low wage levels within the area making affordability of housing a problem. 2 A Profile of West Somerset 2.1 The total population of West Somerset has decreased from 2001 census data to the 2011 data however the proportion of this population that is in the age range 20 to 29 has increased during this time from 7.7% to 9.5%. In England as a whole the percentage population of people aged 20 to 29 in 2011 is 13.7%, higher than in West Somerset. The largest age group within West Somerset is those over age of 60 making a total of 38% of the population in 2011 in contrast to a percentage population of 22.3% for this age group in England as a whole (Office for National Statistics 2012). Table 1 Population of West Somerset Age Range 2011 Population 2011 Percentage 2001 Population 2001 Percentage 19 and under 6 264 18.1% 7 225 20.6% 20 29 3 293 9.5% 2 687 7.7% 30 59 11 925 34.4% 13 442 38.3% 60 and over 13 193 38.0% 11 715 33.4% Total Population 34 675 35 069 Source: Office for National Statistics Table 2 Population of England Age Range 2011 Population 2011 Percentage 2001 Population 2001 Percentage 19 and under 12 712 275 24.0% 12 327 688 24.9% 20 29 7 246 202 13.7% 6 307 052 12.8% 30 59 21 221 173 40.0% 20 584 021 41.6% 60 and over 11 832 806 22.3% 10 230 985 20.7% Total Population 53 012 456 49 449 746 Source: Office for National Statistics 2.2 A large proportion of homes in West Somerset are owner occupied approximately 67% compared to a national average of 63% (Office National Statistics 2012) and the average price of a house in Somerset as of October 2012 is  £160,349 very close to the national average for England and Wales of  £161,605 (Land Registry 2012). The migration into the area by people wishing to purchase retirement homes or second homes has pushed the prices up to very close to the national average. Private rented housing makes up 16% of accommodation with social housing approximately 15% (Office National Statistics 2012). 2.3 Average earnings in West Somerset are  £523.00 per week which is below the average for England of  £609.50 per week (Somerset County Council 2011). The majority of work is within the tourism and agricultural industries and is seasonal in nature and hence low paid. This below average earnings coupled with high cost of housing makes home ownership very difficult for local people and especially for young people. 2.4 In West Somerset social housing is supplied by Housing Associations of which Magna West Somerset holds the largest stock. Of the 1921 properties owned by Magna West Somerset, 1439 of these are general needs properties with the rest being sheltered or supported accommodation. Of the 1439 general needs properties only 161 (11.2%) are 1 bedroom properties. 3 Housing Need, Supply and Demand 3.1 Everyone has a need for housing of some sort, the type and availability varies around the globe. In the UK the need for housing is measured by the local authority using various facts and figures available to them such as number of homeless applications or numbers registered for housing as well as the demographic profile of the area (Lazarus 2012). 3.2 Housing demand can be described as the desire for housing along with the ability to pay for that desire. Housing supply would be described as the amount of housing produced at a price. The demand and supply of housing can fluctuate with various factors influencing both but in the long term, the supply of housing should equal its demand, because price will provide the equilibrating mechanism linking the two (Harriott Matthews1998 p23) 3.3 The demographic profile of an area along with the economic factors will have an effect on the supply and need of housing. Within the West Somerset area the population as a whole has reduced since 2001 however a larger percentage are over 60 requiring specialist housing and also young people who are looking to get onto the property ladder for the first time as homeowners or by renting in either the private or social housing sectors. The need for starter housing by young people has increased however financial pressures often mean that they are unable to own their own home or rent within the private sector. 3.4 Homefinder Somerset is a choice based lettings allocation scheme for affordable housing in Somerset. Within West Somerset in 2012 there were 1363 active applications for housing registered a total of 3.9% of the population. Of these registrations 318 are applicants aged 20-29 which is 23.3% of total number registered, a much higher proportion than those aged 20-29 of the population as a whole (Homefinder Somerset 2012). 3.5 Of the 318 registrations from applicants aged 20 to 29, 109 (33.3%) of these state that they are not living in their own property at the moment and are living with family or friends (Homefinder Somerset 2012). Increasingly young people are finding it more difficult to move out of the family home for the first time due to financial pressures so are still living with parents up to a much older age. 3.6 The Rural Housing Project in Exmoor National Park is an independent project which seeks to help local people to remain living and working in the area (Exmoor National Park 2012). They identify the level of housing need through conducting surveys and also holding consultation events. They then work in partnership with developers and housing associations to deliver affordable housing for local people. 3.7 After a consultation by The Rural Housing Project a need for rural housing in Exmoor National Park was identified for young people. A scheme was developed in the village of Wheddon Cross in June 2011 and consisted of a mix of affordable private housing and social housing. This scheme of 10 properties for social housing included 2 one bedroom properties. Of the 10 properties 9 of these were let to young people and of these 9, six were to young people with no children with 3 of these being let to siblings (Rural Housing Project 2012). 3.8 Funding for building of new properties by housing associations needs to be raised by either loans or from rents. Magna West Somerset, the largest housing association in the area has made a decision to not develop any new properties once those currently being built are finished. This is due to interest rates for loans being unfavourable coupled with the uncertainty of rental income with the introduction of Universal Credit in 2013 when the housing element of benefit will be paid direct to the tenant and no longer straight to the landlord. This means that very few new properties will be developed in the area in the foreseeable future. 4 Economic Factors 4.1 In 2007 the economy in the UK suffered what is known as the credit crunch where the availability of credit and mortgages was severely cut causing a crisis in the housing market and recession and an increase in the demand for social housing (Lazarus 2012). The economy still has not recovered from this completely and although this caused a fall in house prices, the demand for housing within the private sector is also not there as buyers are unable to access finance. Building firms faced financial difficulties and some went into receivership so the supply of housing has also been drastically cut. 4.2 Unemployment levels are high especially amongst young people. Job Seekers Allowance for a single young person under age of 25 is  £56.25 per week and for those 25 and over it is  £71 per week (gov.uk 2012). Although they can also claim housing benefit many young people struggle to finance a home on their own with the rising cost of utilities and food. 4.3 An important part of economic success for an area is the ability to retain young working people. There is a very short supply of affordable housing in rural areas for young people so they either remain at home for longer or leave to seek affordable accommodation in more urban areas (West Somerset Council 2009). 4.4 West Somerset is a predominantly rural area which adds extra expense to living costs. There is very little public transport except along the coastal corridor from Minehead to Taunton with a bus route. The nearest railway station is Taunton and the only railway running within West Somerset is a steam heritage railway. Most people therefore have the added expense of having to run a car. 4.5 A large section of West Somerset is also not served by mains gas, including a great number of social housing properties in Minehead. This means that heating costs are higher due to using either electric or oil heating. According to figures published in 2010 by the Department of Energy and Climate Change 21.5% of households in West Somerset are in fuel poverty (Department of Energy and Climate Change 2010). A household is said to be in fuel poverty if it needs to spend more than 10% of its income on fuel to maintain a satisfactory heating regime (Department of Energy and Climate Change 2012). 4.6 These increased expenses of travel and utilities experienced within rural locations mean that affording housing in these areas is almost impossible for young single people on a low wage or not working. 5 Legislation 5.1 The Welfare Reform Act 2012 will bring in many changes to benefits. One of the main things that will affect young people is from April 2013 any person of working age under occupying a property and claiming housing benefit will have their benefit cut by 14% for one spare bedroom or 25% for two spare bedrooms commonly known as the bedroom tax (national Housing Federation 2012). This is already causing a strain on the demand for one bedroom properties by people who will be affected by this cut wanting to downsize which is causing more competition for these properties with young people wanting to get their first home. 5.2 The Local Government Finance Act 2012 removes council tax benefit and instead puts the responsibility on councils to develop their own scheme called Council Tax Support (Turn2Us 2012). The new scheme will be different in every council area however the government funding for each scheme has been cut which means that each council will have to find savings. Elderly and vulnerable people will be protected so working age people will probably have to pay council tax whether they are in work or not. 5.3 In West Somerset proposals have been put forward which include all working age people who are not working and so claiming Council Tax Support to pay 20% of their council tax bill and also for higher rates of non depended deductions. This will probably preclude young single people who are out of work from being able to afford to have their own home. Those that stay at home or with friends and family if the household is claiming council tax benefit will also find that there is a larger non dependent deduction charged to the household they are staying with (West Somerset Council 2012). 5.4 The government in the Chancellors Autumn Statement announced that benefits will only rise by 1%, a below inflation rise (Brown 2012). This means that benefits for unemployed young people will stay at a low level and with the cost of housing and living increasing the chance of obtaining and sustaining a tenancy is getting harder for them. 5.5 The Localism Act 2011 gives new rights and powers to local authorities with regard to a variety of issues including housing. Before the act almost anyone could apply to live in social housing, whether they need it or not (Department Communities and Local Government 2011 p15). Social housing however is now more than ever in greater demand due to the economic climate within the country. This act gives local councils the ability to agree on policy that can restrict who can qualify for social housing in the area. At this time, Homefinder Somerset the choice based lettings system used by West Somerset has not made any changes to its letting policy with regard to the Localism Act to restrict applications for housing. 5.6 Young people who wish to rent privately within West Somerset if they are on a low wage would be entitled to claim assistance with their rent through Local Housing Allowance. Since January 2012 any single person up to the age of 35 can only claim local housing allowance for a room in shared accommodation rather than a self contained 1 bedroom property. At present this rate is  £66.50 per week in West Somerset. From April 2013 the Local Housing Allowance will only be increased by the Consumer Price Index rather than market rent as previously (South Somerset District Council 2012) so a lower increase will happen each year so making it harder for young people on a low wage to rent privately. In his Autumn Statement the Chancellor then announced that after next April the Local Housing Allowance will only rise by 1% for the next two years (Brown 2012). This will make many private rental properties out of the price range of people on benefits and also those on low wages. 6 Conclusion 6.1 The issues surrounding housing of young people in West Somerset are mainly of affordability and availability. 6.2 The availability of 1 bedroom properties for young people without children is not good especially as these properties are now also in demand from other people wishing to downsize due to welfare reform changes and very little new building taking place. 6.3 Affordability due to low wages or unemployment and of high costs of living due to rising utility costs and food. 6.4 West Somerset Housing Strategy recognises the need to keep young people within the area for a sustainable community however more needs to be done to assist with the low wage base and affordability of housing. 6.5 More affordable housing needs to be provided for young people that is near to employment so that travel costs are kept to a minimum and also that is low cost to run with regard to utilities by using new technology. 6.6 Strategies to assist with training for work and also attracting new business into the area to help increase the number of people in work and the average wage for the area should also be looked at.

Tuskegee Airmen Essay -- American History Military Air Force

On July 19, 1941 the U.S. Air Force created a program in Alabama to train African Americans as fighter pilots(Tuskegee Airmen1). Basic flight training was done by the Tuskegee institute, a school founded by Booker T. Washington in 1881(Tuskegee Airmen 1). Cadets would finish basic training at Tuskegee's Moton Field and then move on to the Tuskegee Army Air Field to complete his transition from training to combat aircraft. The early Tuskegee squad were taught to fit in with the famous 99th fighter squadron, tagged for combat duty in North Africa. Other Tuskegee pilots were commissioned to the 332d Fighter Group which fought alongside with the 99th Squadron based out of Italy. By the end of the war, 992 men had completed training at Tuskegee, 450 were sent overseas for combat . During the same time, almost 150 died while in training or on combat missions. Additional men were trained at Tuskegee for aircrew and ground crew. The Mustang pilot spotted the string of Bf-109's heading toward the crippled B-24. The pilot, a Lt. Weathers, dropped his wing tanks, and turned into the German formation. He gave the leader a burst with his .50 calibers and it nosed up, smoking, and soon went hurtling down to the ground. The pilot radioed the others in his flight and heard "I'm right behind you." But when Weathers looked back for himself, all Page 2 he could see was the nose cannon of another Bf-109, pointing right at him. He dropped flaps and chopped throttle, instantly slowing his Mustang, and the Bf-109 overran him. A few bursts, and Lt. Weathers had his second kill of the day. Two more e/a were still in view and seemed like easy pickings, but the voice of the Group CO echoed in the pilot's mind, "Your job is to protect the bombers a... ...). Luke Weathers' escort mission described above provided the group's only aerial victories for the month of November. They flew 22 missions in December, running the group tally to 62 confirmed air-to-air victories by year's end. Bad weather in January limited them to 11 missions, picking up to 39 in February, but without many aerial victories. On March 24, 1945, Col. Davis led the Group on the longest escort mission ever flown by the Fifteenth Air Force, a 1600-mile round trip to the Daimler-Benz tank works in Berlin(Tuskegee Airmen 5). On this mission, Roscoe C. Brown, Jr., Charles Brantly and Earl Lane, each shot down a German Me-262 jet fighter aircraft. The Group received a Distinguished Unit Citation for their achievements this day(History 4). The Tuskegee Airmen continued flying and fighting, killing and dying, until the end of the war in Europe in May, 1945.

Chemistry TAS Report Essay

1. Experiment Number : 10 2. Date : 18/01/2008 3. Title : Determination of the equilibrium constant for the reaction : Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) FeSCN2+(aq) 4. Aims/Objective : To determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction : Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) FeSCN2+(aq) 5. Introduction / Theory: In this experiment, the equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex ion, FeSCN2+(aq), is determined. Complex ions, thiocyanatoiron(III) ions, are formed from iron(III) ions and thiocyanate ions in aqueous solution : Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) FeSCN2+(aq) (1). see more:chemistry matriculation notes semester 1 The equilibrium constant for this reaction is:Kc = [FeSCN2+(aq)] (2) [Fe3+(aq)][SCN-(aq)] The product complex ion is the only one of the three species which has an appreciable color (blood-red). 6. Relevant Equations/Chemical Reactions Involved : Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) FeSCN2+(aq) 7. Chemicals : 0. 002 M KSCN(aq) 50 cm3 0. 2 M Fe(NO3)3(aq) 20 cm3 8. Apparatus and equipment : Boiling tube 5 Dropper 2 10 cm3 measuring cylinder 1 Lamp 1 25 cm3 measuring cylinder 1 Wash bottle 1 Safety spectacle 1 250 cm3 beaker 1 9. Procedure : 1. 0. 2 M Fe(NO3)3(aq) was used and 10 cm3 of 0. 08 M, 0. 032 M, 0. 0128 M, 0. 00512 M Fe(NO3)3(aq) were prepared respectively. The solutions were added by using 10 cm3 measuring cylinder to 5 clean boiling tubes in a rack as below. Tube No. 1 2 3 4 5 SCN-(aq) / cm3 10 10 10 10 10 Fe3+(aq) / cm3 10(0. 2 M) 10(0. 08 M) 10(0. 032 M) 10(0. 0128 M) 10(0. 00512 M) 3. Tubes 1 and 2 were wrapped around with a strip of paper so that light was excluded from the side. 4. The solutions towards the lamp were looked vertically down to compare the colour intensity. 5. Some of the solution from the standard tube 1 was removed with a dropper until the colour intensities of solutions in both tubes were the same. And the removed liquid was put into a clean and dry beaker. 6. The depth of the solution in tube 1 was then measured. 7. Steps 3 to 6 were repeated with tubes 1 and 3, 1and 4 and finally 1and 5. 10. Observations : The colour intensities of the solutions in the two tubes being observed were the same. 11. Data, Calculation and Results : Height of solution in original tube 1 = 59 mm Height of solution in tube 1 having the same colour intensity as tubes 2, 3, 4 and 5 are : Same colour intensity as 2 3 4 5 Height of solution in tube 1 (mm) 45 35 28 23 12. Conclusion : The equilibrium constant for the reaction : Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) FeSCN2+(aq) was found to be 82. 1 M-1. 13. Discussion : 1. By M1V1 = M2V2, For tube 1, initial concentration of SCN-(aq) = 0. 001 M initial concentration of Fe3+(aq) = 0. 1 M For tube 2, initial concentration of SCN-(aq) = 0. 001 M initial concentration of Fe3+(aq) = 0. 04 M For tube 3, initial concentration of SCN-(aq) = 0. 001 M initial concentration of Fe3+(aq) = 0. 016 M For tube 4, initial concentration of SCN-(aq) = 0. 001 M initial concentration of Fe3+(aq) = 0. 0064 M For tube 5, initial concentration of SCN-(aq) = 0. 001 M initial concentration of Fe3+(aq) = 0. 00256 M 2. Concentration of FeSCN2+ in tube 1 = 0.001 M 3. Ratio of depth in the colour comparison with tube 2 = 45 /59 = 0. 763 Ratio of depth in the colour comparison with tube 3 = 35 /59 = 0. 593 Ratio of depth in the colour comparison with tube 4 = 28 /59 = 0. 475 Ratio of depth in the colour comparison with tube 5 = 23 /59 = 0. 390 Equilibrium concentration of thiocyanoiron(III) ions: In tube 2 = 0. 001 x (45 / 59) = 7. 63 x 10-4 M In tube 3 = 0. 001 x (35 / 59) = 5. 93 x 10-4 M In tube 4 = 0. 001 x (28 / 59) = 4. 75 x 10-4 M In tube 5 = 0. 001 x (23 / 59) = 3. 90 x 10-4 M 4. [Fe3+]equil = [Fe3+]initial – [FeSCN2+]equil = 0. 04 – 7. 63 x 10-4 = 0. 0392 M [SCN-]equil = [SCN-]initial – [FeSCN2+]equil = 0. 001 -7. 63 x 10-4 = 2. 37 x 10-4 M 5. Room temperature = 16 oC K = [FeSCN2+]equil / ([Fe3+]equil[SCN-]equil) = 7. 63 x 10-4 / [(0. 0392)(2. 37 x 10-4)] = 82. 1 M-1 6. There are few sources of error in this experiment. (1) Determination of colour intensity in the two tubes observed might not be accurate. (2) Taking reading when measuring the depth of liquid. Error estimation – When taking initial reading, error is + 0. 05 cm3. When taking final reading, error is also + 0. 05 cm3. Therefore, error is + 0. 1 cm3.

Essay on THE NETWORK AS SOMEWHERE ELSE EVERYTHING AS A SERVICE AND THE IDEA OF THE CLOUD

Essay on THE NETWORK AS SOMEWHERE ELSE EVERYTHING AS A SERVICE AND THE IDEA OF THE CLOUD Essay on THE NETWORK AS SOMEWHERE ELSE: EVERYTHING AS A SERVICE AND THE IDEA OF THE CLOUD Essay on THE NETWORK AS SOMEWHERE ELSE: EVERYTHING AS A SERVICE AND THE IDEA OF THE CLOUDThe development of networks technologies have contributed to the consistent changes in the development of network systems. Today, networks are virtually essential for the development of contemporary businesses as well as non-profit organizations. The reason for the emergence of networks in contemporary organizations is the information overflow which forces users to use the network to store and process information which cannot be stored on the conventional hard drives. More important, today, organizations need to share information between all users that makes the development of networks essential because networks allow maintaining the effective communication, data sharing and processing within organizations. In this regard, the development of clouding computing has become one of the recent and mainstream trends that influence the development of the contemporary networking.In fact, the emergence of networking dates back to the early internet era, when users started to use networks to share files and information between each other. However, until the late 1990s, users could store the information they needed on their PCs using conventional hard drives, but since the late 1990s and especially during the 2000s, users have faced the problem of the information overflow, when users had to share a lot of information with many users and they needed to create networks to share information fast between many users.At the dawn of networking, users tended to create conventional peer to peer networks, which normally united several computers, where users could access the information stored on each other’s computer. This was the simplest network that involved sharing data between users. For instance, while working on a project, team members could connect their PCs into the network to get access to information or data generated by each other. However, such a network was oriented on the use by a few users since users should know, where the target information is stored. If there were multiple users, they could have difficulties to find the target information.In such a situation server to client networks emerged to meet the growing demand on networks that would allow users to access the target information any time they needed without facing any difficulties with accessing the target data. The client server network is quite different from peer to peer network because client server network connected users by one server, which users could access to get the information they needed. For instance, a company employing one hundred of employees could use such a network to connect one hundred PCs or laptops of its employees to the server, where the company’s database was available. In such a situation, an employee of the company had just to access the server to find the information he/she needed at the moment. This network system was simple but very efficient because us ers should not store all the information on their hard drives. Instead, they could rely entirely on server. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that there was and still is the risk of the server shutdown but such risks can be minimize or its negative effect annihilated, if the company uses redundant drives or backup server which come into play, when the main server shuts down.In fact, today, client server networks become more and more popular due to their high efficiency and relatively low risks associated with using those networks. The major advantage of client server networks is the possibility of sharing information between many users with saving hard drive space of users. At the same time, the primary concern of users, who rely on the clouding technology, is the information security. In fact, the threat of information breaches persists, in spite of the consistent enhancement of information systems. Nevertheless, users have little options to choose from because, in the time of the information overload, they just cannot rely on conventional networks within an organization, such as intranet, instead, they need broader services and opportunities provided by the clouding technology and client server networks.Thus, today, client server networks and cloud technology becomes the mainstream trend that influences consistently the development of the contemporary technology. In fact, the clouding technology boosts the development of the contemporary networking because due to cloud computing, users have got wider opportunities for networking, sharing their information without any substantial limitations on the volume of information.

Different Types of Third-Person Point of View

Different Types of Third-Person Point of View In a work of fiction or nonfiction, the third-person point of view  relates events using third-person pronouns such as he, she, and they. The three main types of third-person point of view are: Third-person objective:  The facts of a narrative are reported by a seemingly neutral, impersonal observer or recorder. For an example, see The Rise of Pancho Villa by John Reed.Third-person omniscient:  An all-knowing narrator not only reports the facts but may also interpret events and relate the thoughts and feelings of any character. The novels Middlemarch by George Eliot and Charlottes Web by E.B. White employ the third-person-omniscient point of view.Third-person limited:  A narrator reports the facts and interprets events from the perspective of a single character. For an example, see Katherine Mansfields short story Miss Brill. In addition, a writer may rely on a multiple or variable third-person point of view, in which the perspective shifts from that of one character to another during the course of a narrative. Examples and Observations in Fiction The third-person perspective has been effective in a wide range of fiction, from the biting political allegory of George Orwell to E.B. Whites classic and emotional childrens tale. At the age of seventeen I was poorly dressed and funny-looking, and went around thinking about myself in the third person. Allen Dow strode down the street and home.  Allen Dow smiled a thin sardonic smile. (John Updike, Flight. The Early Stories: 1953–1975. Random House, 2003)They all remembered, or thought they remembered, how they had seen Snowball charging ahead of them at the Battle of the Cowshed, how he had rallied and encouraged them at every turn, and how he had not paused for an instant even when the pellets from Joness gun had wounded his back. (George Orwell, Animal Farm, Secker and Warburg, 1945)The goose shouted to the nearest cow that Wilbur was free, and soon all the cows knew. Then one of the cows told one of the sheep, and soon all the sheep knew. The lambs learned about it from their mothers. The horses, in their stalls in the barn, pricked up their ears when they heard the goose hollering; and soon the horses had caught on to what was happening. (E.B. Whi te, Charlottes Web. Harper, 1952) The Writer as Movie Camera The use of the third-person perspective in fiction has been likened to the objective eye of a movie camera, with all its pros and cons. Some teachers of writing advise against overusing it to get into the heads of multiple characters. Third-person point of view allows the author to be like a movie camera moving to any set and recording any event....It also allows the camera to slide behind the eyes of any character, but beware- do it too often or awkwardly, and you will lose your reader very quickly. When using third person, dont get in your characters heads to show the reader their thoughts, but rather let their actions and words lead the reader to figure those thoughts out.- Bob Mayer, The Novel Writers Toolkit: A Guide to Writing Novels and Getting Published (Writers Digest Books, 2003) Third Person in Nonfiction The third-person voice is ideal for factual reporting, in journalism or academic research, for example, since it presents data as objective and not as coming from a subjective and biased individual. This voice and perspective foreground the subject matter and diminish the importance of the intersubjective relationship between the author and the reader. Even business writing and advertising often use this perspective to reinforce an authoritative tone or even to avoid creepiness, as the following example from Victorias Secret displays so well: In nonfiction, the ​third-person point of view is not so much omniscient as objective. Its the preferred point of view for reports, research papers, or articles about a specific subject or cast of characters. Its best for business missives, brochures, and letters on behalf of a group or institution. See how a slight shift in point of view creates enough of a difference to raise eyebrows over the second of these two sentences: Victorias Secret would like to offer you a discount on all bras and panties. (Nice, impersonal third person.) I would like to offer you a discount on all bras and panties. (Hmmm. Whats the intent there?)...Unabashed subjectivity may be fine for ever-popular memoirs on incest and inside-the-Beltway intrigue, but the third-person point of view remains the standard in news reporting and writing that aims to inform, because it keeps the focus off the writer and on the subject.- Constance Hale, Sin and Syntax: How to Craft Wickedly Effective Prose (Random Hous e, 1999) Personal and Impersonal Discourse Some writers on writing suggest that the terms third person and first person are misleading and should be replaced by the more precise terms personal and impersonal discourse. Such writers argue that third person incorrectly implies that there is no personal viewpoint in a piece or that no first-person pronouns will appear in a text. In works using two of the subset examples cited above, third-person objective and third-person limited, personal perspectives abound. To work around this confusion, another taxonomy is proposed. The terms third-person narrative and first-person narrative are misnomers, as they imply the complete absence of first-person pronouns within third-person narratives....[Nomi] Tamir suggests replacing the inadequate terminology first- and third-person narration by personal and impersonal discourse, respectively. If the narrator/formal speaker of a text refers to himself/herself (i.e., if the narrator is a participant in the events he/she is narrating), then the text is considered to be personal discourse, according to Tamir. If, on the other hand, the narrator/formal speaker does not refer to himself/herself in the discourse, then the text is considered to be impersonal discourse.- Susan Ehrlich, Point of View (Routledge, 1990) Despite such concerns, and regardless of what it is named, the third-person perspective is one of the most common ways of communicating in almost all nonfiction contexts and remains a key tool for fiction writers.

The expectations of English colonists in Chesapeake and New England Essay

The expectations of English colonists in Chesapeake and New England - Essay Example Immediately after entering in 1607 the muddy outposts the English colonists referred to as Jamestown, Smith observed the inappropriateness of the orders given by the pioneers of the colony with the pressures of survival and endurance on the Anglo-American border. The Native American lands which the British colonists inhabited had corn, while the settlers gave in quickly to diseases as the quantity of their foods declined. Smith eventually initiated a strategy of threats and forced trade. In a matter of weeks Smith had forced from the chiefdom of Powhatan large quantities of corn. As Smith paraded all over the Chesapeake, he became a vicious onlooker of the Algonquian tribes he wanted to conquer. Already fascinated in the richness of human cultures, prior to his entrance to Virginia he had stumbled upon a diversity of peoples in the Middle East, Africa, and Europe. The biographers of Smith claim that his encounters with different human cultures put him in a good position to understand Indian culture and the native people than any other of his contemporaries. Hence, this essay will use the perspective of Captain John Smith to discuss the initial expectations of the English colonists with Chesapeake and New England and how they lived among the Native American Indians.... The forcefulness of the English border population devastated as well as the agenda of George Thorpe to acculturate and civilize the Powhatan Indians into a Christian and English New World realm. The demands of the border population generated the 1622 Indian rebellion, which hampered the development of the colony, sped up the collapse of the Virginia Company of London, and compelled elites to reject any idea of humanitarian Indian strategy. In defending the missionary attempts, the pioneers of the company dealt with the issue of the right of Englishmen to Indian lands. Some English scholars compared the Native American Indians to wild beasts who do not know private ownership. A report of the Virginia Company claimed that it is not illegal or immoral to take over the land of the Indians and inhabit them because there is no other reasonable alternative to discuss this matter with the natives but through coercion. The Virginia Company never reached, nor did it try, an ultimate resolution to the issue of aboriginal title. Only invasion, the pioneers argued, could not rationalize occupation of the Indian soil. Rather, the Company was predisposed to consider English occupation as an ‘irreversible deed’ and to defend its continuance on the basis that the Indians would give in to Christianity and dealt with compassionately. The process of conversion could, and ought to be, diplomatic. While the Spaniards invaded the West Indies with bloodshed and brutality, the English would employ humane and benevolent means, appropriate to the natural character of the English. An expectation that the Indians would willingly dispose of their own cultural

A review of an existing IR system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

A review of an existing IR system - Essay Example What is more, the researcher acknowledges that each of the different information retrieval systems available have its own strengths and weaknesses, which make their use in certain context inappropriate as against other forms of use. With this in mind, the report will seek to critically describe, by coming out with a detailed descriptive account of a selected information retrieval system, which will become a basis for users of the report to make decisions on the information retrieval system. The description shall be done in accordance with how the system allows for specific information retrieval tasks to be performed. Thereafter, findings from the study shall be outlined, which shall mainly dwell on the strengths, weaknesses and areas of improvement for the selected information retrieval system. Finally, there is a realization that for every information retrieval to take place there must be a corresponding information source, which leads to the next topic of this discussion. Introduct ion to Information Retrieval and selected IR system The internet continues to dominate as an important tool in the search, retrieval and storage of information. Indeed, with the coming of the internet, there is now a centralized whole-point where almost every kind of information and data can be found (Ando and Tong, 2005a). This has been made possible because of the easily accessible nature of the internet where everyone can stay and live in the comfort of his home and input pieces of information online. Commonly, the same form of information exists online and from several sources that, when a person wants to make use of a particular line of information, the options available to choose from are more than required. Apart from the numerous natures of available options, there is also an issue with the differences with information source quality, where some sources of information can be proven to be more reliable, authentic and valid than others (van Rijsbergen, 2009). Han and George (2 000) has explained information retrieval as a conscious activity that is aimed at obtaining information resources that are highly relevant to a person’s information need from available information sources. This definition indeed gives a very broad overview of the concept of information retrieval and explains it even further. In the first place, it would be noted that information retrieval does not take place as an accidental process but as an intential process, and thus the use of the word, ‘conscious’. In effect, people who perform information retrieval are people who sit before their computers and other internet media with the mind of finding something useful for further processing. Secondly, the definitions establish that information retrieval must lead to the obtaining information that is highly relevant to a searcher’s quest. In other words, information retrieval would always lead to a pool of options for the person undertaking the search. The person performing the search thus has a role to play at that point when he is presented with the pool of options and this role is to ensure that he becomes part of the search by selecting only what is most relevant to the search. Description of selected IR system This section of the report therefore deals with a description of how PubMed has developed functionalities to help support its users with their search. This is made up

No chosen yet (sociology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

No chosen yet (sociology) - Essay Example ..† (Twenge and Campbell 4). The question may then be asked: how did the development of the cultural focus on self admiration led to narcissism? Are there any cures or solutions to this cultural phenomenon? In order to answer this question, the researcher would try to focus on the development of narcisissm, especially on Chapter 4 of Twenge and Campbell’s book â€Å"The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement† entitled â€Å"How Did We Get Here? Origins of the Epidemic.† In addition, the researcher would also try to evaluate whether there is any possible cure or solution to this epidemic, based on an analysis of the text, and as well as incorporating relevant sociological theories to analyze the epidemic of narcissism in American society. The Development of Narcissism in American Society As stated earlier in the paper, Twenge and Campbell actually argue that narcissism may have started in the crucial decade of the 1970’s, just when â₠¬Å"the cultural focus on self admiration† began to arise (Twenge and Campbell 4). ... (Twenge and Campbell 56) Especially as portrayed in the mass media, such excess was actually favores, and even longed for, by many American consumers, given that having such excesses was not only seen as an expression of oneself, but also of making one have a higher sense of self-esteem and be appreciated more by society at thye same time. Therefore, as one indulges himself/herself in exceses, he/she actually thinks that he/she will be appreciated more especially by regular acquaintances in society, and will also make them have a higher confidence and self-esteem. However, Twenge and Campbell was also ready to argue that the culture of narcissism was not originally a â€Å"core American idea,† given that the American constitution actually provided for the ensurance of â€Å"individual freedom tempered with equality† (Twenge and Campbell 57), and that the core American value of indivualism was actually viewed that indivualsim must be grounded not woth self admiration, bu t with â€Å"self reliance† (Twenge and Campbell 58). In this case, Twenge and Campbell argue that â€Å"three social trends† seem to be the main cause for the rise of narcissism: the movement toward self-esteem, the goal of self-exploration, and the culture of moving away from â€Å"community-oriented thinking† (Twenge and Campbell 62-64). In addition, Twenge and Campbell also argues that Americans abandoned the vision of themsleves as a part of an interconnected social system—a connection of parents to children and grandchildren and of community to community—and instead turned to the narcissistic pursuit of the self as a source of value, almost like a religious experience.

Greek conception of woman, citizen and family Essay Example for Free

Greek conception of woman, citizen and family Essay The Greek tragedy ‘Medea’ by Euripides examines the Greek conception of woman, the foreign, family and citizenship. He emphasize on the subjugation and the oppressive condition of women in general in Greece. Thus he reveals the existence of ancient cultures (other than Greece) that were more generous in their treatment of women. Medea is also in some respect, different from general Greek women. She is clever and resourceful and also has the courage in her endeavor to take revenge on Jason for his wrong deeds. Also, through the character of Medea, Euripides exposes the bankruptcy of popular Greek ideas of heroism. My granting a woman the qualities that were considered heroic, he questions the sacred ideas of heroism. The element of the foreign in the play comprises of the foreign, the exotic, the unknown and the feared. He also showed that the foreign is not external to Greek and there is much for the Greeks to know about themselves. Medea represents the foreign, the attractive and the priceless possession of Jason. The foreign also represented the adventure undertaken by the Greek heroes. The foreign also symbolized danger and which could lead to chaos. Medea, a foreigner and an outsider to the normal order is free to behave without restrain or morality. Thus she manages to commit the dreadful crime of murdering her own children. Through the elements of the foreign, uncivilized and barbaric, Euripides questions the concepts and definitions of civilizations, primitiveness, ethics and morality. Whereas Jason seeks power, Medea, the foreigner longs for love and caring. Greek valued family and the exile from his was horrible to the ancient Greek. A person’s city-state was his home and protector and to wonder without friend and shelter was thought as a fate as horrible as death. Medea exiles herself because of her love and passion for her husband. Her position in Corinth is double grave as she is both married to be exiled from family and also as she herself has broke connections with her family to be with Jason. Also, she is a foreigner who will remain a barbarian in the eyes of the Greeks. However, Madea forces Jason into exile by wiping off his entire family. Greek law forbade Greek men to marry any other than Greek women. Also the children of Greek man and foreign woman were not considered as official citizens of Greece. Similarly, the children of Jason and Medea were not official citizens of Corinth, but Creusa and Jason’s offspring would fully enjoy the benefits of Corinthian citizenship. So Jason is justified in his argument that to gain power and position and to protect and their position, he married into the royal family. Thus these elements of the foreign, plight of Greek woman, citizenship and family combine to propel the action of the tragic play ‘Medea’. In the Greek tragedy ‘Medea, Euripides elaborates on the status of woman in Greek society. The Greek women in general had few rights. According to the men, the purpose of women in Greek society was to engage themselves in household duties like cooking and cleaning and giving birth and taking care of children. They did not have the right to vote or own property. They could not go outside without an escort. They had to be represented by men in all legal proceedings. Greek women only under exceptional conditions could obtain a divorce, but any Athenian man could get rid of his wife by simply publicly renouncing his marriage. Marriages were arranged by the parents without any participation of the daughter; thus Medea’s flight with Jason was scandalous. If the family was wealthy, the daughter came with a substantial dowry. After marriage, the woman served her husband the entire life by caring for the children and slaves, the legal property of her husband. They were not given any education and lived in separate quarters, away from their husbands. The ideal woman â€Å"spoken little as possible among men, whether for good or for ill†. Greek women never experienced independence during their lives and in some respect they were just like slaves. Medea accurately describes the conditions of married life for women when she says how a woman has to adjust to the new rules and customs of the new home and work hard to understand her husband and consequently live in peace. However if the marriage does not work, then death is the only solution for the woman. When Jason decides to terminate his marriage with Medea and marry the princess of Corinth, Jason cast aside Medea as if they were never married. This type of action was accepted by Greek standards, which reveals the subordinate status of woman who did not have any say in these matters. Even though some actions of Medea are not similar to that of average Greek women, she posses certain attitudes and emotions which are common among women. Medea in her first speech to the Chorus (when she comes out of her house) expresses the plight of women in society: â€Å"For a divorce loses women all respect, yet we cant refuse to take a husband†, (Euripides, lines 271-272). She further adds that when a man gets tired of the company at home, he can seek relief outside the home, but a woman have to always look at one man. It is likely that this attitude was shared by most Greek women as evident from the reaction of the Chorus Leader who sympathize with her: â€Å"Im not surprised you grieve at these events†, (Euripides, Line 310). The nurse reveals the fact that Medea out of her love and deep passion for Jason has retrieved the Golden Fleece for him and defied her household. In return, she is deserted by Jason who betrayed her by breaking the vows of marriage and now â€Å"She calls out to the gods to witness/ how Jason is repaying her favours†, (Euripides, lines 30-31). However, her situation worsens further when Creon informs her that he is forcing her into exile. The Chorus identifies with the pitiable condition of Medea. It recognizes the heroic traits of Medea and admires her as an avenger for all women. Chorus soothes Medea’ sorrow by saying that God will be with her in her endeavor. Thus the chorus believes her cause is good and worthy of Gods support. Medea as a victim of ill fate is supported by the Chorus. Even though the Chorus makes this statement before finding out Medea’ brutal scheme, it should be noted that the Chorus reaffirms its support for Medea after she reveals her plan. After the monologue of Medea, where she reveal her plan and think of ways to implement it, the chorus delivers an ode on the oppression of women: â€Å"The waters in the sacred rivers/are flowing in reverse. /And all well-ordered things/are once more turning on themselves. / Mens plans are now deceitful,/their firm trust in the gods is gone†¦. /Honours coming to the female sex. /slander will no longer injure women, (Euripides, Lines 487-496). Through this ode, the chorus condemns the oppression of women and encourages Medea to carry out her plan. It views her plan as a rare opportunity for women to avenge all the wrongs done by men on them and to turn the hierarchy around, putting the men at the mercy of women. In the play it is evident that the Chorus support Medea in her endeavor to avength the betrayal of Jason till the section where she thinks of ways and machinery to make her plot successful. But the Chorus withdraws their support the point where Medea reveals her plan to murder her own sons. After the verbal fight between Jason and Medea, the Chorus asks for moderation: â€Å"I pray that moderation,/the gods most beautiful gift,/will always guide me†, (Euripides, Lines 756-758). After they come to know Medea’s plan to kill her children, they try their best make her understand her folly in her taking such an action and they urge her not to commit such a crime : â€Å"I want to help you,/holding to the standards of human law†, (Euripides, Lines 963-964). Euripides by examining the treatment of women in the play ‘Medea’, points at the injustices of his society. He recognized the fact that the subordinate position of women to their male counterpart is impossible to extricate from the core of social order in Greece. The typical explanation offered by the admirers of Greece is that all ancient societies were sexist and dependent on slave labor. This generality is untrue as there were many societies who were more generous in their treatment of women than the Greeks and many societies functioned in the ancient times, without slave labor. Euripides who was aware of these hypocrisies, often pointed out how Greek society attempt to excuse the injustices perpetrated by them. Jason tells Medea that no Greek women would have done as she has done. In this respect, the Chorus should be considered who stood by mutely and allowed the slaughter to take place. However, Medea shows some heroic qualities that were not common among Greek women. Medea is clever, resourceful and has the courage to stand against Jason and take revenge for his betrayal. She does not stay long inside her home as a subjugating housewife lamenting and shedding tears for wrongs incurred on her. She comes out her hearth and faces the Chorus and Creon. She acts like a man and plots and execute her plan. Euripides goes farther, through the character of Medea, he exposes the bankruptcy of popular Greek ideas of heroism. Medea has many traits that would be admirable, if only she were a man. She is ruthless, brilliant, cunning, and powerful. But she is in a weak position: she is not a ruler or a warrior of any battlefield. Euripides gives the qualities that are considered heroic, in a woman and thus reduces the scale. He makes the playing field one of marriage and spurned love. The fine Homeric speeches of warriors on the verge of combat are reduced to the bickering of an enraged wife and a petty husband. Euripides in this play, questions our sacred ideas about heroism. Consider, for example, the character of Agamemnon as portrayed by Aeschylus in the Oresteia. Agamemnon also kills his own child; and although he is not admired for this act, after his death Aeschylus grants him his due of a great man and hero. The reaction of the audience to Medeas infanticide is that of horror. Euripides gives unlimited self-absorption and ruthlessness to a woman and thus exposes the true worth of these traits. The audience becomes aware of the double standards that we use for heroes and heroines. In Greek mythology Medea was princess of colchis and the granddaughter of Helios the sun God. She had affinities with magic and was the priestess of Hecate. Medea helped Jason to steal the Golden Fleece from her father and even dismember her brother to delay the pursuers of her lover. Also, she turned the daughter of Pelias into murderers to win back his rightful place in Iolcus, In return, Jason betrayed her trust and re-married into the royal family. The fact that Medea is a foreigner is emphasized from the beginning. The Nurse, in the opening lines, tells the audience that Medea hails from a distant and exotic land. Certain points should be remembered while reflecting on this aspect of the play. The foreigner or the Others is a complex and multifaceted concept: it comprises of the foreign, the exotic, the unknown and the feared. The foreign is also essential for self-definition of the Greeks. The Greeks ascribe certain traits to barbarians in opposition to certain traits about themselves. Barbarians are savage but Greeks are not. Barbarians are superstitious while Greeks are rational. But Euripides through the play undermines these easy binaries. He shows that (the foreigner) is not something external to Greek. Also, there is much for the Greeks to understand about themselves Moreover, the (the foreign, the exotic, the terrifying) is an essential for adventure. Jasons quest, and also the quests of other Greek heroes, would not be possible without their visit to strange and fearsome lands. Medea’s foreignness may be the reason behind Jason’s attraction for her. Although we cannot be sure if Jason was really attracted to her or used her for his own ends or both. May be Jason was drawn to her by her uniqueness. The play stresses on the fact that Medea is different from Greek women. Jasons marriage to Medea can be seen as an attempt on his part to bring the adventure home. Medea describes herself as something he won in a foreign land. The marriage can also be seen as Jasons attempt to subordinate the foreign to the Greek, woman to man. In Medea, the foreign lead to chaos. Medea as a foreigner is also terribly free. As she is an outsider to normal order, she behaves without restraint or morality. Her genius is thus used for personal revenge. She sends gifts of a finely woven robe and a tiara of twisted gold smeared with deadly poison and succeeds in killing both Creon and his daughter. Next she murders her two sons to teach Jason a lesson that the oppressed can also take actions against the oppressors. Medea as a foreigner comes from a tribal nativity, where sophistication is not the normal thing. She does not know how to â€Å"well behave† and speak â€Å"with a soft tongue†. Her culture and race is primitive and for this she is often blames by Jason. However, while Jason seeks power, Medea longs for love and caring. She leaves behind her culture, native land, parent, and the family as a sacrifice to marry Jason. So the ‘uncivilized ’Medea cannot accept nor understand Jason’s argument in favor of his second marriage and Jason posses all the skills required to argue in his favor. This raises several questions regarding the concepts and definitions of civilizations, primitiveness, ethics and morality Another factor is the Greek conception of family and the separation or exile from them. Modern audiences can find it difficult to understand how important family and how horrible exile was for the ancient Greek. A persons native land was his home and protector and to wander without friends or shelter, was thought of as a fate horrible as death. The chorus chants: â€Å"theres no affliction worse/ than losing ones own country†, (Euripides, Lines 774-775). Medea made herself as exile for the sake of her husband. Medea tells about her plight to the Chorus: â€Å"you have a city, /you have your fathers house, enjoy your life/with friends for company. But Im alone. /I have no city, and Im being abused/by my own husband. I have no mother, brother, or relation,/to shelter with in this extremity†, (Euripides, Lines 291-299). Additionally by her overzealous advocacy of her husbands interest, she made their family exiles in Corinth. Due to her actions in Iolcus, Jason is unable to return home and so their position is vulnerable. Jason who is the hero of the Golden Fleece (of course with the help of Medea) became a wanderer. He is very shrewd and calculative in his decision to marry into the royal family. The Tutor points out in the beginning of the play that men always act for their own interest: â€Å"What mortal man is not? Dont you know yet/all men love themselves more than their neighbours†, (Euripides, Lines 107-108). Thus the character of Jason is revealed as an opportunist, a selfish man and the anti-hero who manipulates others for his own ends. Euripides in his play ‘Medea’, links the elements of exile and the lower position of women by emphasizing on the circumstances that women faced after marriage. She has to leave her home and family and live among strangers. In this respect, Medea reminds us of the conditions of exile. However, her position is doubly grave, as she is an exile in this sense as well as in the sense that she herself has broke all connections with her family. Also, she is a foreigner and will remain a barbarian in the eyes of the Greeks. Greeks valued their family and the close blood relationship they share with the family members. Also they had certain expectation from their family. Similarly I the play, Jason want his sons to grow up and become leaders in Corinth along their new brother, the sons he wishes to beget from his new bride. He also wants his sons to mature into young men and win victory over his enemies. On the other hand, Medea has few expectations as well. In return for her pains of child birth and the hardship she faced in raising them, she hoped that they will look after her in old age and prepare the corpse with their own hands as all parents’ wishes. However, she sacrifices her expectations and also separates Jason from his family by killing her two sons and Jason’ new bride. She takes her revenge on Jason by poisoning the royal bride and thus depriving Jason of his wife and the children he wished to beget from her, his family. Also she kills her sons and prevents the fulfilling last hope of Jason, his wish to unite with his family, his sons. She also deprives him of the burial rights of his sons. Instead she performs the rights. In this way, Jason is exiles from his family as Medea was exile from her native land and family. Medea lost her family after she married Jason, in similar way, Jason losses his family at the end of the play. Another element emphasized in the play is the Greek conception of citizenship. Greek law forbade Greek men to marry no other than Greek women. However, it was common practice among Greek men to keep foreign concubines who were often more educated than the Greek women in general. But the children born from these unions were not considered as official citizens of Greece. Similarly, the children of Jason and Medea were not official citizens of Corinth, whereas Creusa and Jason’s offspring would fully enjoy the benefits of Corinthian citizenship. Jason may be a shrewd and manipulative man and it is also true that he betrays Medea by breakings the vows of marriage and re-marrying into the royal family. However, the fact remains that Jason was a wonderer and he wanted to gain power and position by creating a relationship with the royal family. Moreover, he was aware of the fact that his children were deprived of the benefits of Corinthian citizenship. As he mentions to Medea, it may be true that he married Creon’s daughter not because he felt attracted towards her as a woman but rather to protect Medea and their children. Also that he wanted to serve their own interest by having children (royal princes) from his royal bride and thus securing their position in Corinth and giving their children similar power. The Greek conception of woman, the foreign, citizenship and family as examined in the play help in the progress of the tragic action. Medea represents the suppressed and oppressive condition of Greek woman who is cheated by her husband. The foreign element in her character, the exotic, the dangerous and the barbarian instigate her take revenge against Jason. Jason’s argument in favor of his action is the power and position he wants to achieve for himself and for Medea and their children. He is aware that his and Medea’s children will be deprived of the benefits of Corinthian citizenship. Her separation or exile from family because of Jason infuriates her further and she in turn separates Jason from his family. Work Citation: â€Å"Analysis of Medea as a Tragic Character†. 8 December 2002. Michael Kliegl. 9 July 2008 http://www. gradesaver. com/classicnotes/titles/medea/essay1. html â€Å"The Concept of Citizenship†. 9 July 2008 http://library.thinkquest. org/C004203/political/political02. htm â€Å"Euripides by Medea†. 9 July 2008 http://malaspina. edu/~johnstoi/euripides/medea. htm â€Å"Medea (Criticism). Carole L. Hamilton. 9 July 2008 http://www. answers. com/topic/medea-play-8 â€Å"Major Themes†. 9 July 2008 http://www. gradesaver. com/classicnotes/titles/medea/themes. html â€Å"Medea (Indian adaptation of the greek classic†. 9 July 2008 http://www. lokadharmi. org/medea. htm â€Å"Summary and Analysis of Lines 1- 356†. 9 July 2008 http://www. gradesaver. com/classicnotes/titles/medea/section3. html